Ownership control

The Walt Disney Company, together with its subsidiaries and affiliates, is a leading diversified international family entertainment and media enterprise with four business segments: media networks, parks and resorts, studio entertainment and consumer products.

The Walt Disney Studios distributes motion pictures under Walt Disney Pictures - which includes Walt Disney Animation Studios, Pixar Animation Studios and DisneyToon Studios - Touchstone Pictures and Hollywood Pictures. Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures International serves as the studio's international distribution arm. Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment distributes Disney and other film titles to the rental and sell-through home entertainment markets worldwide. Disney Theatrical Productions, one of the largest producers of Broadway musicals, also includes Disney Live Family Entertainment and Disney on Ice. Disney Music Group distributes original music and motion picture soundtracks under Walt Disney Records and Hollywood Records.

Disney Consumer Products and affiliates (DCP) extend the Disney brand to merchandise ranging from apparel, toys, home décor and books and magazines to interactive games, foods and beverages, stationery, electronics and fine art. This is accomplished through DCP's various lines of business which include: Disney Toys, Disney Apparel, Accessories & Footwear, Disney Food, Health & Beauty, Disney Home and Disney Stationery.

Disney Publishing Worldwide (DPW) is the world's largest publisher of children’s books and magazines. Disney's imprints include Disney Libri, Hyperion Books for Children, and Jump at the Sun, Disney Press, and Disney Editions.The Disney-ABC Television Group is home to all of Disney's worldwide entertainment and news television properties. The Group includes the ABC Television Network (including ABC Daytime, ABC Entertainment Group and ABC News divisions); the Disney Channels Worldwide global kids' TV business, ABC Family and SOAPnet; as well as television distribution divisions Disney-ABC Domestic Television and Disney-ABC ESPN Television. The Disney-ABC Television Group also manages the Radio Disney Network, general interest and non-fiction book imprint Hyperion, as well the Company's equity interest in A&E Television Networks.

Task 2

The development of new and digital media means the audience is more powerful is terms of consumption and production. Discuss the arguments for and against the view.

The media has changed in the last decade dramatically; new technology has brought audiences closer into a ‘global village’ coined Marshal McLuhan. The release of new websites such as YouTube has allowed audience to now become producers of their own content. In some way giving them more power. For example YouTube has created musical stars from artists uploading their own video. Stars such as Justin Bibier and Jessie J have come out of the YouTube. Although YouTube liberates it audience it is heavily moderated and under certain control. Music companies such as EMI and Sony pay YouTube to keep their music from being copied by its audiences and reloaded upon their site.

Sites such as Blogger and guardian blogs have also empowered the audience as they are given the free will to post up what they like upon these blogs. There is hardly any regulation upon blogs so it allows more topics to be explored with fewer restrictions. The rise of blogs has given way to UGC, which means audiences views and values can be studied by other audiences. Also the technological advancement has given leeway to ‘Citizen Journalism’ where the audience can now be journalists themselves. News channels such as BBC and Sky News has features which allow audiences to send in pictures, videos and emails about what they’ve seen.

The uprising of online video has also given way to audiences to produce their own scheduling, as software such as BBC iplayer and 4od gives audience the choice of when to view their programs. These video players liberate the audience as they don’t have to conform to the broadcaster scheduling. Similar technology has been released by sky which allows audiences to record programmes they choose to view. Once these programmes are record they can be viewed over and over again.

However it can be argued that new technology has made audiences more vulnerable and easy to be attacked. Social networking sites such as Facebook and MySpace allows the public to create pages about themselves and share thoughts, pictures and comments. This has given way to an increase in online crimes such as identity fraud, paedophilia and propaganda’s. Also audiences have now become ‘dumb down’ as they spend more time on social networking sites and gaming sites. It has led to a decrease in productivity and is affecting the younger audiences as it has been said to effect exam grades.

To conclude I believe that audiences have been become more powerful as they now have more free will to express their views and values to large audiences. Audiences can now create and decide when footage can be seen. In some way it can be said that audiences have been dumb’d down however it has allowed them to be more liberated by giving them the freedom of expression.

Task 1 - Question 2

Both video clips can be seen as moral panics as they both portray negative representations of teenagers revolving around drugs, sex and violence.

Bully reinforces the moral panic with the use of scenes where its protagonist is shown to be aggressive and disruptive these representations follow the stereotypes of the media. Bully injects ideologies within our society that teenage boys are troublesome and that bad behaviour is acceptable as it is allowed to be explored through a video game.

Like bully skins representations of teenagers being rebellious and involved with drugs, sex and violence generates a moral panic within society as what the media is saying about teenagers is being. Showing content such as skins can influence teenagers to educate them about how they should be acting in the way the media think.

However other media texts such as ugly Betty represent teenagers more sophisticated and less rebellious. Such as Justin, as he is represented as a caring young boy looking out for his family and single parent mother.

Task 1 - Question 1

Skins Opening Credits by girlwithglasses




Both texts have different ways of representing teenagers. Bully concentrates on male teenagers where as Skins features on both male and females who are slightly older.

Just within the first few seconds of the trailer of bully, males are represented as clumsy as the medium shot of the main character slipping on a banana skin instantly connotes that male teenagers are not on the bright side. Also to add the characters costume is very scruffy with his shirt out, his top button undone and wearing trainers. This evokes that teenage boys are not well manner people and are rebellious in some way. The use of non digenetic sound of a male shouting used on the title ‘bully’ signifies aggression within teenage boys. The main character gets up to devious acts as seen as he places a ‘kick me’ sticker upon another student back and pulling the fire alarm within the corridor. Also the main character is seen running about and riding his bike through school grounds in a range of close up shots. This signifies that teenager boys are disruptive and insubordinate.

Throughout the trailer there are various scenes which connote male aggression and superiority. Scenes of where larger males bully the younger students and the use of words such as ‘you’re dead’ reveals a violent representation of the males.
However within the trailer there is an alternative representation of teenage boys as the boy shown in a green vest and wearing glasses. Dressing the character this way connotes to the viewers that although there is disruptive teenage boys there are some who are intelligent and well mannered.

Near the end of the trailer there is a small appearance from females, they are represented as sexually active, moody and flirtatious as scenes of two characters kissing and also the use of dialogue such as ‘We had a date and your 3 minutes late’ ‘I’m a nice girl I’m nice to everyone’ connote this.

Skins takes a different approach on representing teenagers, bully seems to focus on teenage boys mostly where as skins has a focus upon both genders. Within the opening sequence there are several topics that are covered such as drugs, violence and sex. This is highlighted in the scenes where images of a beer can, spliff and gun are seen. This instantly evokes that teenagers are involved with these so called activities which are not socially accepted. Likewise with bully they are represented as rebellious and free minded people. However the use of calm non digenetic sound signifies that it is accepted and there’s no real concern with the teenagers carrying out these activities.

It can be argued that Skins is trying to give the public an insight to the average day of a teenager. To show people what they go through and try giving teenagers a fairer representation.

Both texts representation of teenagers are negative, by the use of scenes of violence and clumsiness is bully and scenes of drugs and sex in Skins.

Task 4

This scene from Scarface shows a lot of violence involved with guns, knives and other weapons. The use of sound compiled with this scene connotes a tense moment. The loud bangs of gun shots and the constant view of blood provide the audience with entertainment gratifications as it being in the film they believe it is there for their entertainment.

Also the constant view of blood, gore and guns hypodermically injects values of violence into the films viewers, as injecting these views in films it connotes to the viewers that it is accepted within society and gives them ideas. Alongside this also leads to the cultivation theory as the constant exposure to this content generates certain values about violence to its viewers.
Scarface being a film made in the 80’s this kind of content was seen to be explicit, however the more and more violence we’ve seen over the years it has desensitised the audience and has shaped them to accept more violence then they would have when Scarface was made.

Showing this kind of content within films such as Scarface it can lead to its audience following in the actors footsteps and taking the role of tony Montana in society, giving way to the copycat theory.

Task 5

Love Is a Many Strangled Thing

Dominant reading
The episode was very entertaining and brought laughter from small witty gags. Covering contemporary issues.

Negotiated reading
The episode was entertaining but it really doesn’t seem as funny as the classic episodes.

Oppositional reading
The Simpsons is just one big joke out of society views, values and beliefs. They twist realities issues.

Section A

Compare and contrast the two texts, with particular reference to the representation of teenagers. Both texts have represented teenagers in contrasting ways, the discussion both focus around their negative representations however one argues to defend the group. The metro revolves around a story of how teenagers are using Youtube as a weapon to gather members of gangs together. Whereas the article on the Daily Mail website tells its readers of how teenagers are offended by being called a ‘Gang’ where they should be called a group. The Daily mail challenges the stereotypes of teenagers being violent and involved with gang related crimes. A controversial topic is depicted between the two texts as the Metro newspaper article has a image of a black male holding a gun. Whereas the Daily Mail article uses an image of a group of white kid’s, this arises the topic of race. The Metros article being about violence and gangs online it signifies that black males are the reason of these gangs and that they are the reason of teenage violence. In comparison to the Daily Mail article the article talks about how the teenagers have been offended by being called a ‘gang’. The use of a group of white kids insinuates that the white race is being targeted wrong and that they have been represented incorrectly. The use of a revolver upon the cover of Metro newspaper suggests to its readers that teenagers are using weapons such as the revolver within their online gangs. The use of the quote ‘threat: a revolver favoured by London gangs’ directly involves the teenagers as the article talks about how teenagers are forming gangs online. The article uses the word ‘violent’ which connotes and brings evidence to the stereotypes of teenagers being aggressive. The Daily mail concentrates on how the teenagers have been targeted, and go against their stereotype of being the people that are causing harm or being frustrating. However this the stereotype is reinforced further down the article as it mentions of ‘gang rape’ which is supposedly carried out by teenagers, although it argues it should be ‘group rape’ which really doesn’t change the tone they are represented in, as rape is always to be considered a sickening crime. Consider the view that the current press treatment of teenagers is simply another moral panic.. The concern with teenagers has always been around, with many stories around that involve teenagers. The press has negatively represented teenagers within the media and has led to some form of Desensitization by its readers as it has become a common thing to see teenagers negatively. The moral panic created by the Metro’s article suggests that teenagers have now become an online gang and becoming more of a threat. However it can be argued that this isn’t just another moral panic as in the recent years more online activity involving gangs has been occurring such as happy slapping, which were carried out by teenagers who were in gangs and were filmed and placed online. The Metro article has given rise to a moral panic which seems to be becoming worse as teenagers are now going out and harming the older public. The Daily mail article suggests against a moral panic as it says the teenagers have been represented wrongly as instead of gangs they as just a group. These challenges the moral panic created by the article in the Metro as it tells us that teenagers aren’t all gang members and that there are teenagers who just hang around without any disturbance caused.
In the past year students have been placed with another moral panic as when the government changed the amount to pay for univeristy course, it gave way to student protests. These protests were full of young teenagers fighting for their right to go to university, as now fees were higher it meant that it was unlikely for many to still go. The protests gave way to violence and distribution within the capital. The media used this opportunity to represent teenagers as negative as they could. It can be said that the press have always been creating moral panics and they don’t seem to be changing, they all focus on the way teenagers are aggressive and violent. There are always concerns about new technology. In your view, what are the possible benefits and Problems attached to social networking, particularly on the Internet? New technology has always been arsing over the years, people have always had problems with new technology as they are afraid of what effects it may cause upon them and society. However it can be argued that new technology has brought many advantages. New technology such as YouTube has given rise to the ‘bedroom producer’ which allows young teenagers to promote themselves and their music online to a wider audience to gain some sort of benefit from. It has given teenagers a way to stay off the streets and to give them a way to in source some money. However it has also given rise to these gangs to recruit members upon giving teenagers a negative representation. Social networking sites play a big part in our society, not within just the younger years but people over 50 have started to use websites such as facebook, bebo, MySpace etc. These sites have given rise to many benefits for people such as it allows people to keep in touch even if they live in different countries or areas. Also being free it allows people to communicate without the extra costs like a mobile would. However there is a growing concern with social networking as people may not be who they seem to be. It has given rise to paedophilia and also stalkers. Recently there has been in an increase of the amount crimes committed online such as identity theft and has also led to rape as older men target young children upon these sites. There are many downside to the internet and social networking, however it has allowed people to have more freedom of speech and given people a way to express their thoughts and feeling without the regulation you would have within a magazine or broadcasted on TV. Social network sites such as Twitter, within Web 2.0 have allowed the general public to interact with famous star and celebrities. This allows us to create general discussion and also to follow up on their day to day business. New technology such as Skype has allowed the public to have face to face chat via the internet globally. Skype allows its users to carry out chat from different towns, cities to counties. It has brought us together within a ‘global village’ as Marshall McLuhan said. The interconnectivity within different counties has allowed the public to become more global and allows us to carry out general talks with family to business meetings with partners on the other side of the world. To conclude new technology has brought us many benefits and has helped us evolve further in life by bring people closer and also giving us more freedom to what we want to see. There are downsides to new technology however they are being handled and tried to be erased.

The media- usually male- use their representations to “symbolically annihilate”. For example representations of females in sitcom such as the Simpsons where Marge the wife of Homer Simpson is represented to pick up after him and manage the household while he goes off to work. In one episode Marge is seen to been picking up groceries, taking homers bowling ball to the cleaners and taking care of their child Maggie. Marge is seen to be the family controller where Homer is seen as the bread maker.

Three points from Bianca's essay

the media- usually male- use their representations to “symbolically annihilate” The word translates to “deadly woman” as she was manipulative, seductive and money or power driven. 1950’s sitcom “Father Knows best” - “Doghouse” (2009) follows a group of guys, who badly treat their women, to a remote area where female zombies attack.

It has been said that media representations often reflect the social and political concerns of the age in which they are created. Discuss.

Media representations have been changing over decades, changes such as for females post feminism and for males becoming the female gaze. When media texts representations were created, they were created around current affairs and cultural traditions for instance post world war two led to the emergence of the suffragettes, females who burnt their bras for more freedom and value in society. This then gave way to the representation of females as the femme fatale in such films such as ‘double indemnity’ which showed females in control and superior in some way leading men on to end up either murdering them.

Gender has also changed over the years, as Gerda Lerner says gender is ‘ a costume, a mask, a straight jacket’ which connotes that gender isn’t reality, it’s what is constructed. In a certain way it can be argued that the media has created gender which the public follow as the media acts superior, as the public are ‘subordinated groups accept the ideas, values and leadership of dominant groups’. It can be argued that media construct representations that don’t follow the times they are created in. For example 9/11 and the London bombings didn’t change the representation of Muslims in films as fills before these events represented Muslims as extremists who were a threat to western society. Films such as Four Lions still see Muslims as extremists and bring comedic side to the representations.

Females have gone through a large amount of change through time; representations of females have changed from being subordinated by men and view voyeuristically to becoming superior and given more freedom.

“Did the washing machine change the world more than the internet?"

Every year brings technological change; products have evolved over decades to new styles, functions and designs. The washing machine has changed the way we was our clothes however, also changing society and the roles that gender play. On the other hand the internet has led our consumer lives bringing us what we need from entertainment to services to information all in one application.


The washing machine changed the way females were seen, it was as a starting point to the change of representations of women as females were seen to be the person who did the cleaning. But the washing machine meant that women had to spend less time cleaning clothes and gave way to extra time for them. This extra time meant they could go work or even go out to socialise.


On the other hand the Internet has become as a global community where views, values, traditions, goods and service can be exchanged, it has helped the economy boom and has given rise to a more technological advanced workforce with easy contact by the use of applications as skype and msn.


To concluded i believe that the Internet has changed the world the most as it has done more than empower females, it has empowered the globe.

Next step

Look at my presentation and include the quotes and statistics into the essay.
Also refer globalisation.


The music industry has changed significantly as new sites such as YouTube allows videos of artists to be uploaded and watched. Comments and video responses can be left. Also viewers can subscribe to channels to have a constant update on the artist. Therefore benefiting the consumers as it allows them to put across their views and opinions across the way they would like to. However the developedment of such sites has caused the institutions to suffer (producers). Instituions such as Universal, Sony and EMI lose customers and lose revenue as artists can post/upload their own work on these sites.
Both producers and consumers benefit from the digital change as the development of the medium has allowed the the views and values of the world to become interconnected. As sites can be made available in several countries it allows the different cultures to be shared across the medium to influence producers and also educate the consumers to acept and learn new things.

Net neutrality

http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2011/mar/16/tim-berners-lee-net-neutrality - Guardian


The inventor of the world wide web, Sir Tim Berners-Lee, has warned internet service providers (ISPs) that plans for a "two-speed" internet go against the principles that have let the net grow so rapidly in the past two decades.

"Best practices should also include the neutrality of the net," Berners-Lee told a round table in Westminster on Wednesday morning, convened by the communications minister Ed Vaizey. Content companies, represented by Facebook, Skype, the BBC and Yahoo, squared up to ISPs, with input from consumer representatives including the Open Rights Group, the Consumers' Association and the communications regulator Ofcom.

Jim Killock of the Open Rights Group, who was representing consumer interests at the meeting, said afterwards that he was concerned about the direction the debate was going: "The potential for something going terribly wrong is absolutely there. The regulator and government do not wish to intervene, for good reason; but industry is not putting forward anything that looks like meaningful self-regulation."

ISPs have for years sought to charge the BBC or customers, or both, for the huge amounts of data transferred over their networks by applications such as the iPlayer, whose popularity has exploded in the past few years. ISPs have to pay for carriage of data from BT's core network to customers, but offer unmetered services on broadband – meaning that when people's demand for data grows, ISPs can be out of pocket.

But the BBC and other content providers such as YouTube have resisted calls that they should pay, on the basis that they are providing a service that allows the ISPs to find customers. In response, ISPs both in the US and Europe have mooted the idea of "two-tier" connections where some services are slower than others. Skype complained at the meeting that its service is effectively blocked on all of the mobile services in the UK except 3, meaning that carriers are violating the principle of net neutrality because they fear it will affect their call revenues.

Berners-Lee told the meeting that "every customer should be able to access every service, and every service should be able to access every customer ... The web has grown so fast precisely because we have had two independent markets, one for connectivity, and the other for content and applications."

Vaizey said the meeting had been "useful and productive" and that "it was important to discuss how to ensure the internet remains an open, innovative and competitive place."

"Net neutrality" – in which services are treated exactly equally as they pass over the net, no matter what their source or destination – has become an increasingly vexed topic as demands on ISPs and mobile carriers have begun to outstrip capacity.

ISPs have thus suggested that they should be allowed to manipulate the transfer of data, but that they would be transparent about how and what they were doing.

On Monday the Broadband Stakeholder Group launched a new traffic management transparency code, which has since been signed by the largest fixed-line and mobile carriers, including BSkyB, BT, Everything Everywhere (formerly Orange and T-Mobile), TalkTalk, 3, Virgin Media and Vodafone. Together they represent more than 90% of all fixed-line broadband and mobile customers in the UK.

It pledges that "information will be provided in a common format to explain what traffic management techniques are used, when and with what impact for each broadband service currently marketed by the code's signatories."

But Rob Reid, senior policy adviser at the Consumers' Association, who was among the attendees at the meeting, said that there was concern that transparency was only one half of the required commitment – because users might be tied into contracts lasting 18 months or more, meaning that if they disliked a change to the traffic management policy it would be expensive to switch to a different provider who offered one they preferred.

Antony Walker, the chief executive of the Broadband Stakeholder Group, told the Guardian: "The issue of [customer] switching is critical. It's the other side of the coin to transparency. Ofcom is working on guidance on this and it is an issue that was highlighted. Everybody agrees that it is important."

Adding faster systems would only work as a short-term measure to relieve congestion on networks, said Walker: "it's like adding more lanes to the M25 – it just attracts more cars. Having faster networks will mean that people will want more services using more data."

But Killock said that not enough was being done yet: "In contrast with the US, where rules are being put in place through the Federal Communications Commission, or Norway where ISPs have agreed a meaningful code, our ISPs are not offering us what we and the UK economy needs. If that continues to be the case, then Ed Vaizey will find himself with the task of breaking the log jam."

http://www.thinkbroadband.com/news/4607-net-neutrality-concerns-raised-as-isps-defend-two-tier-internet.html -Non Uk


Earlier this week, many broadband ISPs spoke out in favour of the voluntary code of practice on traffic management transparency published on Monday by the Broadband Stakeholder Group (BSG). A long list of broadband providers, both large and small, has put their backing to the proposal indicating that they are in favour of ISPs being open and honest about the services they provide, and how they handle traffic management across their network. Consumer Focus, a government backed consumer body also backed the proposals and are keen to point out that verification that consumers are sticking to it should be independent.


"This is a golden opportunity for internet companies to provide clear information to consumers. To keep consumer confidence, it is vital that the pilots of this code are independently verified and contribute to informing consumer’s actual experience of traffic management policies. But transparency should not be used as a tool to restrict consumers choice of accessing content, applications and services over the Internet nor discriminate against certain applications, services or content."

Robert Hammond, (Head of Post and Digital Communications) Consumer Focus

The key to this proposal being successful is in information being clearly visible to consumers in an easily understandable way. Whilst some users will appreciate technical details, others will not be willing to trawl through tables of data to try and work out the difference between a broadband product from one provider and that of another.

Other concerns have been raised over this with some wondering if this will see ISPs start to offer a two-tiered Internet where some services receive a higher quality of service in comparison to others, but with ISPs being open about how traffic is treated. Net neutrality is a hotly debated subject, and pro-campaigners are keen to see that all traffic on the Internet be treated equally, no matter who sends it. A net-neutrality debate organised by the government saw ISPs defend their right to run a two-speed Internet, stating that if content providers want to pay to get a higher priority on the network, then they should be able to.

Whilst this is how things work in a free-market, there are strong concerns that this will cause long term damage to the way the Internet works. Smaller websites, and those who operate free-services could effectively find themselves priced off of the Internet by large content providers, and ISPs seem unwilling to compromise in the net-neutrality debate.


"They weren't willing to make any concessions on their ability to manage traffic. BT even said that if people want to block things they should be able to.

If people are blocking large sections of the internet and promoting a handful of service then they shouldn't be able to claim that they sell internet access.

Jim Killock, (director) Open Rights Group

The BBC being one of the larger content providers in the UK are equally concerned about the issue, and have called for the creation of a 'broadband content group' to help represent content providers such as themselves and the likes of Google, Yahoo, Facebook etc. The BBC are hoping that a system to shame ISPs who are performing poorly could help users see when their ISP is performing traffic management on their connection. The BBC iPlayer is soon to receive a traffic light system which will rate their ISP based on the performance of the connection to the iPlayer service- Red for poor, amber for UK, and green for acceptable. Such a system is unlikely to be enough to qualm service providers though, and they will continue to press for the right to run their networks as best suit them.

http://www.zdnet.co.uk/blogs/communication-breakdown-10000030/berners-lee-to-advise-on-uk-net-neutrality-code-10022010/ - UK source


The government convened a net-neutrality-related roundtable event on Wednesday involving ISPs, content providers, consumer groups and father-of-the-web Tim Berners-Lee.

It was announced at the event that Berners-Lee will work with industry body the Broadband Stakeholder Group to expand its voluntary code of practice, which was unveiled on Monday. The code, to which most big ISPs and mobile operators have signed up, compels those companies to be transparent about their traffic management policies in an easy-to-understand way — Sir Tim wants the commitment to extend to other aspects of net neutrality.

"While transparency about traffic management policy is a good thing, best practices should also include the neutrality of the net," Berners-Lee said in a statement. "The web has grown so fast precisely because we have had two independent markets, one for connectivity, and the other for content and applications."

Communications minister Ed Vaizey, whose Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) organised the occasion, described it as "useful and productive".

"I am pleased that someone with the expertise of Sir Tim has agreed to work with industry on expanding that agreement to cover managing and maintaining the open internet," Vaizey said.

"That agreement should be guided by three simple principles. The first is users should be able to access all legal content. Second, there should be no discrimination against content providers on the basis of commercial rivalry and finally traffic management policies should be clear and transparent. The internet has brought huge economic and social benefits across the world because of its openness and that must continue."

Vaizey's words did not carry the government position on net neutrality much past that which he had already laid out — namely, that it would prefer to avoid regulation on the matter until a real problem manifests itself. It addressed the potential issue of a content provider paying an ISP to downgrade rival content providers' services, but that is not really a scenario that has been much discussed — at least in public — in any case.

What has been proposed, many times, is that ISPs charge content providers to ensure their services run at a guaranteed quality. ZDNet UK asked the DCMS on Thursday what its attitude would be to such arrangements, and a spokesman said the department "wouldn't intervene".

"The difference would be that if you come to an agreement for a guaranteed level of service then the knock-on impact would be on the internet as a whole, not a specific group of content providers," the DCMS spokesman said. "[Vaizey] is saying there's no way you should be able to get an ISP to run your rival's service slower. It's about specifically targeting your rivals."

According to the DCMS, attendees at the roundtable included: Amazon, the BBC, the Broadband Stakeholder Group, BSkyB, BT, the CBI, Channel 4, Channel 5, Consumer Focus, eBay, Everything Everywhere, Facebook, the Federation of Communications Services, Google, ISPA, ITV, the Mobile Broadband Group, Nominet, Ofcom, the Open Rights Group, Skype, TalkTalk, the Tax Payers Alliance, 3, Virgin Media, Vodafone, the W3C, WE7, Which? and Yahoo.

what is net neutrality?
is when services are treated exactly equally as they pass over the net, no matter what their source or destination.

Is the internet neutral?
i believe the internet is not neutral as we in the UK all receive a much slower service than other countries.

Should it be?
In some way the internet should be neutral. Everyone should be able to receive the same speed. If people want faster speeds then they should pay for that extra bandwidth.

essay

‘Digital media have in many ways, changed how we consumer media products’ who do you think benefits most- audience or producers?

The media has been evolving from many decades changing everyday consumption of media products. Since the beginning of the new millennium there has been a boom in the development of technology which has allowed the audience of media products to become more in control of the consumption of the media.

Some features that have been put forward in today’s society are uploading self composed music or audience creating their own content becoming ‘citizen journalists’ without the hassle of music companies or editors. The introduction of Smartphone’s such as Apple’s iPhone and also of its tablet computer the iPad has changed the consumption of media products therefore effecting both producers and consumers.

Therefore in this essay I will discuss how the change in technology in the 21st century has changed the way we now consume media products and also focus on who is most benefited from this, the consumers or producers.

Before the new millennium there were two primary ways of accessing media texts, this was done through the print and broadcast medium by the establishment of newspapers/magazines, radio stations and television stations. The 21st century brought the public the internet, first established in 1992 however, becoming established in the new millennium. Alongside this the development of the speed we receive material on the internet changed as broadband was discovered. This meant that audiences could receive texts at faster speeds.

The development of the internet has allowed a new medium to establish, e-media. Also to add the previous mediums print and broadcast have been futher developed by new technologies. The development of digital media has therefore lead to a decline in several areas within the two mediums.
The print medium has had several changes within itself such as newspapers now becoming online as companies have no created sites which allows consumers to view texts on their computers, laptop or handheld devices. Also the introduction of Apple iPhone and the iPad has led newspaper companies for example the guardian, to create an application for its consumers to recive news upon their iPhones or iPads for a one of fee for £4.99.

mutualisation of news

We controlled the delivery of news and comment to our readers and the only involvement they had was through the carefully controlled letters page.

1000 think pieces a month

Page traffic rose to 9.3 mil from 7.6 mil in the previous year

We need writers into the mindset where we tell less and listen more

Bluring of lines betweem journalism and readers

Task 2

What impact has there been on the way in which the audience now consume the media products/texts involved in your case study? How does it differ from what went before? Consider (SHEP)

Instead of record companies being the promoter, artists can no produce their own music and upload it upon the internet. From this they can gain feedback and also get their music heard.
Youtube allows videos of artists to be uploaded
Myspace promotes music and can be downloaded for whatever use the audience wants.
Facebook allows artists to get music to a large audience as facebook is available in several countries

Times have changed. Previously music had to be distributed by record companies as artists did not have enough financial support and fan base to become famous. However, now music can easily be uploaded upon the internet and can be viewed and heard by millions of people without having to find a record company to distribute their music.

Task 1

Record companies setting rules.

To please the top four record labels—Warner, Universal Music Group, Sony BMG Music Entertainment and EMI Music— YouTube was required to make a less revenue orientated deal. The major labels demanded YouTube pay for the right to have their content on the website.

Who controls youtube

November 2006, YouTube gained so much popularity and received so many visitors that Google Inc bought out the website. According to YouTube’s company profile on crunchbase.com Google payed 1.65 billion USD to be the parent company of YouTube.com.

What youtubes about.

YouTube pushes the concept of interactivity so that the audience become the producers, thus the trademarked tag ‘Broadcast Yourself’.


Myspace- owned by Rupert Murdoch

Theories

Hegemony- the dominance or leadership of one social group or nation over others.
'subordinated groups accept the ideas, values and readership of dominant groups' - Strinati 1995

Cultural imperialism- 'western Nations dominate the media around the world which in return effects on third world culture by imposing them western views and therefore destroying narrative culture' - Schiller, H.J (1973) communication and cultural domination

Globalisation- ''Globalisation' is often portrayed as a positive force which is unifying widely different societies, integrating them into a 'global village' and enriching all in the process.'

Web 2.0 - ' The second generation of the web, which enables people with no specialised technical knowledge to create their own websites, to self publish, create and upload.' - O'Riley

Marxism - Marxism wiki - 'Marxism is a particular political philosophy, economic and sociological world view based upon a materialistic interpretation of history'.

Pluralism - Wordnet.com - ' A social organisation in which diversity of racial or religious or ethnic or cultural groups is tolerated'.

Past conalisation - Wiki - 'Post modern intellectual discourse that consists of reactions to and analysis of the cultural legacy of conalism'.

Ownership and control - ' Legal title to a resource, good or commodity. Control means the ability to determine how a resource, good or commodity is used'.

Regulation - ' regulation is the control of the media by rules'

Censorship - 'The use of the media to control freedom of expression'.


The impact of new and digital media on the promotion of music artists.

Texts -
Youtube
MySpace
Facebook